Introduction
Smart windows, also known as switchable windows, intelligent windows, or electrochromic windows, are a relatively recent technological innovation that has gained popularity for their energy-saving benefits and aesthetic value. They are made using various materials and technologies and are manufactured by multiple companies across the globe. In this article, we will explore the world of smart windows, their manufacturers, and the technology behind them.
What are Smart Windows?
Smart windows are windows capable of adjusting their transparency, shading, or color in response to external stimuli such as light, heat, or electricity. They do this by incorporating a coating or thin film of electrochromic materials, suspended particle devices, or liquid crystals, which changes its optical properties when a voltage is applied. This allows for the control of solar heat and light entering the building, reducing the need for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Smart windows offer several benefits over traditional windows, including reduced energy consumption, improved building comfort, and lower carbon footprint.
Types of Smart Windows
There are several types of smart windows available in the market, each with its unique properties and benefits. Some of the most common types include:
1. Electrochromic windows: These windows use an electrochromic layer of tungsten oxide or similar material that changes its color and opacity when a small voltage is applied. When switched on, the window darkens to block sunlight and reduces glare; when switched off, it turns transparent, allowing natural light to enter the building. Electrochromic windows are highly energy-efficient and can be controlled manually, automatically or with a smartphone app.
2. Suspended Particle Device (SPD) windows: These windows contain a thin film of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) that can be switched on or off to block light. When the liquid crystals are aligned, the window is transparent; when they are disoriented, it becomes more opaque. SPD windows are known for their fast response time and can be used in curved or shaped glass.
3. Thermochromic windows: These windows change their transparency based on temperature changes and do not require any external power source. They are made by sandwiching a thermochromic film between two panes of glass. When the temperature of the film reaches a certain threshold, it changes color and becomes opaque, reducing solar heat gain.
4. Photochromic windows: These windows darken when exposed to UV light and can be used in eyeglasses, car windows, and buildings. They are made by incorporating a layer of photochromic materials, such as silver halides or organic dyes, into the glass. When exposed to sunlight, the glass darkens, reducing glare and blocking harmful UV rays.
Manufacturers of Smart Windows
Several companies around the world are involved in the manufacture of smart windows using innovative technologies and materials. Some of the most prominent and pioneering manufacturers of smart windows include:
1. Saint-Gobain: Saint-Gobain is a French multinational corporation that produces glass, ceramic materials, and construction products. The company''s line of smart windows, SageGlass, uses electrochromic technology to tint the windows and block sunlight or glare. The windows can be controlled manually or automatically, and the degree of tinting can be customized for different areas of the building.
2. View Inc.: View Inc. is an American start-up that produces electrochromic windows, using nanotechnology and advanced optics to create dynamic glass that changes tint easily and rapidly. The windows feature a wireless control system and can reduce energy consumption by up to 20%.
3. ChromoGenics: ChromoGenics is a Swedish company that produces electrochromic windows using its own ChromoGenics Materials. The windows feature adjustable tinting, anti-glare, and energy-saving properties and can be operated manually or automatically.
4. Kinestral Technologies: Kinestral Technologies is an American company that produces fully automated and responsive electrochromic windows, using its own Halio technology. The windows are capable of reducing heat and glare by up to 99%, and can switch from fully transparent to fully tinted in less than three minutes.
5. Research Frontiers: Research Frontiers is an American company that produces electronically-tintable SPD windows, using its patented SPD light-control technology. The windows can be controlled wirelessly or manually, are energy-efficient, and can reduce heat and fading caused by UV rays.
Advantages of Smart Windows
Smart windows offer several advantages over traditional windows, including:
1. Energy efficiency: Smart windows can reduce the need for artificial lighting, heating, and cooling, which lowers energy costs and carbon footprint.
2. Comfort: Smart windows can increase the level of natural daylight and reduce glare, improving indoor comfort levels and boost productivity.
3. Health: Smart windows can block harmful UV rays, reducing the risk of skin cancer and other health complications.
4. Aesthetics: Smart windows can add aesthetic value to buildings, creating modern and innovative designs that enhance the building''s appearance and style.
Conclusion
Smart windows are a game-changer in the building industry, offering a range of environmental, economic and social benefits. They have the potential to revolutionize the way we use energy and reduce the adverse impacts of buildings on the environment. With an increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings, the market for smart windows is set to grow in the future, and more innovative companies will join the race to produce the best smart windows on the market.
